By Clare Norins and Nneka Ewulonu
If allowed to stand, a trial court misinterpretation of Georgia’s Open Records Act would create a gaping loophole in the state’s Sunshine Laws, allowing government agencies to avoid public scrutiny by delegating functions to a private contractor.
When a Georgia government agency contracts a private entity to carry out a function or service for the agency, documents relating to that activity must be open to the public. But this could change if a trial court’s decision in Love v. Atlanta Falcons Stadium Co. is allowed to stand. The Court of Appeals of Georgia, currently considering the case, can protect the public’s right to know by reversing the lower court decision.
The Georgia Open Records Act gives the public the broad right to see, inspect, and copy all public records. That includes “all documents … prepared and maintained or received … by a private person or entity in the performance of a service or function for or on behalf of an agency.” [See Sunshine Laws: A Guide to Open Government in Georgia or O.C.G.A. § 50-18-70(b)(2).] In the past, this has assured public access to records relating to, for instance, private companies contracted by government agencies to provide public health services, administer state insurance plans and execute large public construction projects.
Documents covered by ‘plain language’ of law
Here’s the background of Love v. Atlanta Falcons Stadium Co. The Georgia World Congress Center Authority is a state agency that promotes recreation, athletics and tourism. In 2013, the authority contracted with private entity Atlanta Falcons Stadium Co., called StadCo, to build and maintain the Mercedes Benz Stadium in Atlanta. The stadium, like the Georgia Dome it replaced, is a sports and retail venue. It’s the home stadium for the Atlanta Falcons professional football team and Atlanta United FC professional soccer club, and the stadium regularly hosts college and high school championship games.
Rather than build and maintain the Mercedes Benz Stadium itself, as its legal mandate authorizes, the Georgia World Congress Center Authority contracted the work to StadCo. In addition, taxpayer dollars were used to finance a portion of the stadium’s construction, as was detailed by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution in 2016.
At the heart of the Love case is a request by a member of the public to inspect and copy construction documents and loan agreements held by StadCo relating to its stadium contract with the Georgia World Congress Center Authority. These documents clearly fall within the plain language of the Georgia Open Records Act’s definition of “public records.” Additionally, Georgia courts have recognized that spending taxpayer dollars to pay a private entity creates a strong public interest in disclosure of related records.
Nonetheless, StadCo asserted that because it is a private entity, it is not subject to the Open Records Act. And, in June 2020, the Fulton County Superior Court erroneously agreed. Specifically, the trial court interpreted the Act to mean that documents held by a private entity are only subject to public disclosure when the private entity performs work that the delegating agency “would otherwise have to perform,” and not when a private entity performs “work that the agency is merely authorized to do.” The trial court decided that since the Georgia World Congress Center Authority was not required by its legislative charter to build the stadium, but was merely authorized to do so, records relating to the authority’s contract with StadCo to construct and maintain the stadium were not open to the public.
Threat is gaping loophole in Sunshine Laws
This holding by the trial court fabricates a distinction between mandatory and discretionary work of a government agency under the Georgia Open Records Act. This distinction appears nowhere in the Act itself, nor in any other case law interpreting the Act. In fact, the trial court’s reading of the statute runs directly counter to the law’s explicit public policy goals of promoting transparent government. The Open Records Act states, “Public access to public records should be encouraged to foster confidence in government and so that the public can evaluate the expenditure of public funds and the efficient and proper functioning of its institutions.”
If allowed to stand, the trial court’s misinterpretation of the Georgia Open Records Act creates a gaping loophole in the state’s Sunshine Laws, whereby a government agency may avoid public scrutiny by delegating to a private entity any number of services or functions that the agency would otherwise perform. This is an absurd and deeply troubling result that threatens to nullify the General Assembly’s enactment of the Open Records Act provision concerning public records in the possession of private entities.
Our friend-of-the-court brief, filed on behalf of the Georgia First Amendment Foundation and other interested parties, urges the Georgia Court of Appeals to reject the trial court’s unsupported interpretation of the Open Records Act and restore the plain-language meaning of the law.
Clare Norins is an assistant clinical professor and director of the First Amendment Clinic at the University of Georgia School of Law. She is also a member of GFAF’s board of directors.
Nneka I. Ewulonu is a third-year law student at the University of Georgia School of Law and was enrolled in the First Amendment Clinic during the fall 2020 semester.
Photo: Mercedes Benz Stadium under construction in 2017. Courtesy of Curtis Compton/AJC
